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1-7
User Guide for Cisco Secure ACS for Windows Server
78-16592-01
Chapter 1 Overview
AAA Server Functions and Concepts
TACACS+
Cisco Secure ACS conforms to the TACACS+ protocol as defined by Cisco
Systems in draft 1.77. For more information, refer to the Cisco IOS software
documentation or Cisco.com (http://www.cisco.com).
RADIUS
Cisco Secure ACS conforms to the RADIUS protocol as defined in draft April
1997 and in the following Requests for Comments (RFCs):
• RFC 2138, Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
• RFC 2139, RADIUS Accounting
• RFC 2865
• RFC 2866
• RFC 2867
Table 1-1 TACACS+ and RADIUS Protocol Comparison
Point of Comparison TACACS+ RADIUS
Transmission Protocol TCP—connection-oriented
transport layer protocol, reliable
full-duplex data transmission
UDP—connectionless transport layer
protocol, datagram exchange without
acknowledgments or guaranteed
delivery
Ports Used 49 Authentication and Authorization:
1645 and 1812
Accounting: 1646 and 1813
Encryption Full packet encryption Encrypts only passwords up to 16
bytes
AAA Architecture Separate control of each service:
authentication, authorization, and
accounting
Authentication and authorization
combined as one service
Intended Purpose Device management User access control
- Windows Server 1
- CONTENTS 3
- 3 Interface Configuration 3-1 6
- 4 Network Configuration 4-1 6
- 6 User Group Management 6-1 8
- 7 User Management 7-1 10
- Contents 11
- 11 Logs and Reports 11-1 16
- 13 User Databases 13-1 18
- 15 Unknown User Policy 15-1 21
- A Troubleshooting A-1 23
- C RADIUS Attributes C-1 23
- D CSUtil Database Utility D-1 24
- E VPDN Processing E-1 26
- G Internal Architecture G-1 26
- Audience 29
- Organization 29
- Conventions 31
- Product Documentation 32
- Related Documentation 33
- Table 2 Related Documentation 34
- Obtaining Documentation 35
- Documentation Feedback 36
- Submitting a Service Request 37
- Overview 41
- The Cisco Secure ACS Paradigm 42
- Chapter 1 Overview 43
- • Authorization, page 1-17 46
- • Accounting, page 1-22 46
- • Administration, page 1-23 46
- Authentication 48
- Authentication Considerations 49
- Passwords 51
- Comparing PAP, CHAP, and ARAP 52
- EAP Support 53
- Basic Password Configurations 54
- Password Aging 55
- User-Changeable Passwords 56
- Authorization 57
- Max Sessions 58
- Dynamic Usage Quotas 58
- Accounting 62
- Administration 63
- Network Device Groups 64
- HTML Interface Security 66
- HTML Interface Layout 67
- Accessing the HTML Interface 72
- Using Online Help 74
- Deployment Considerations 77
- System Requirements 78
- Network and Port Requirements 80
- Network Topology 82
- Wireless Network 85
- Cisco Aironet AP 86
- Remote Access using VPN 88
- VPN concentrator 89
- Network WAN 89
- Remote Access Policy 90
- Security Policy 91
- Administrative Access Policy 91
- Database 94
- Suggested Deployment Sequence 95
- Interface Configuration 99
- Interface Design Concepts 100
- Defining New User Data Fields 101
- Advanced Options 102
- 78-16592-01 103
- Interface 104
- Setting Options for TACACS+ 107
- Attributes 114
- Network Configuration 117
- About Distributed Systems 118
- Proxy in Distributed Systems 120
- Fallback on Failed Connection 121
- Proxy in an Enterprise 122
- • Log them locally 123
- Network Device Searches 124
- Searching for Network Devices 125
- AAA Client Configuration 127
- Adding a AAA Client 132
- Editing a AAA Client 135
- AAA Server Configuration 137
- Adding a AAA Server 140
- Editing a AAA Server 142
- Deleting a AAA Server 144
- Adding a Network Device Group 145
- Step 3 Click Delete 154
- Step 4 Click OK 154
- Shared Profile Components 155
- Network Access Filters 156
- Downloadable IP ACLs 161
- About Downloadable IP ACLs 162
- Adding a Downloadable IP ACL 164
- Editing a Downloadable IP ACL 167
- Network Access Restrictions 168
- About IP-based NAR Filters 171
- Command Authorization Sets 179
- About Pattern Matching 184
- Step 4 Click Delete 189
- User Group Management 191
- Default Group 192
- Group TACACS+ Settings 192
- Basic User Group Settings 193
- Group Disablement 194
- User Group 227
- Ascend-Remote-Addr 233
- Group Setting Management 244
- Renaming a User Group 245
- User Management 247
- About User Databases 248
- Basic User Setup Options 249
- Adding a Basic User Account 250
- Assigning a User to a Group 254
- Setting User Callback Option 255
- TACACS+ Settings (User) 269
- RADIUS Attributes 283
- Listing All Users 301
- Finding a User 301
- Disabling a User Account 302
- Deleting a User Account 303
- Saving User Settings 306
- System Configuration: Basic 307
- Service Control 308
- Date Format Control 309
- Local Password Management 311
- Cisco Secure ACS Backup 315
- Directory Management 316
- Components Backed Up 316
- Backup Options 317
- Components Restored 321
- Step 2 Click ACS Restore 322
- System Monitoring 323
- System Monitoring Options 324
- Setting Up System Monitoring 325
- Event Logging 326
- VoIP Accounting Configuration 327
- Step 4 Click Submit 328
- Replication Process 332
- Replication Frequency 335
- Database Replication Logging 338
- Replication Options 339
- Outbound Replication Options 340
- Cisco Secure ACSes 343
- Replicating Immediately 347
- Scheduling Replication 349
- RDBMS Synchronization 353
- About RDBMS Synchronization 354
- User Groups 355
- About CSDBSync 357
- Synchronization 365
- RDBMS Synchronization Options 366
- IP Pools Server 372
- Adding a New IP Pool 375
- Editing an IP Pool Definition 376
- Resetting an IP Pool 377
- Deleting an IP Pool 378
- IP Pools Address Recovery 379
- Digital Certificates 382
- EAP-TLS Authentication 382
- About the EAP-TLS Protocol 383
- EAP-TLS and Cisco Secure ACS 384
- EAP-TLS Limitations 386
- PEAP Authentication 388
- PEAP and Cisco Secure ACS 389
- Enabling PEAP Authentication 392
- EAP-FAST Authentication 393
- About Master Keys 395
- About PACs 397
- Automatic PAC Provisioning 398
- Manual PAC Provisioning 400
- Master Key and PAC TTLs 401
- Replication and EAP-FAST 402
- Enabling EAP-FAST 405
- Global Authentication Setup 406
- Step 5 Click Delete 425
- Logs and Reports 433
- Logging Formats 434
- Special Logging Attributes 434
- NAC Attributes in Logs 436
- Accounting Logs 438
- Step 2 Click Logged-in Users 442
- Deleting Logged-in Users 443
- Cisco Secure ACS System Logs 445
- Working with CSV Logs 447
- CSV Log File Locations 448
- Viewing a CSV Report 450
- Configuring a CSV Log 451
- Working with ODBC Logs 453
- Preparing for ODBC Logging 454
- Configuring an ODBC Log 455
- Remote Logging 458
- Remote Logging Options 460
- Service Logs 463
- Services Logged 464
- Configuring Service Logs 465
- Administrator Accounts 467
- About Administrator Accounts 468
- Administrator Privileges 469
- Access Policy 477
- Access Policy Options 478
- Setting Up Access Policy 480
- Session Policy 482
- Setting Up Session Policy 483
- Audit Policy 484
- User Databases 485
- CiscoSecure User Database 486
- User Import and Creation 487
- About External User Databases 488
- End-user client AAA client 490
- Cisco Secure 490
- Access Control Server 490
- External user 490
- Windows User Database 491
- Trust Relationships 493
- Domain-Qualified Usernames 498
- UPN Usernames 498
- EAP-TLS Domain Stripping 500
- Machine Authentication 500
- Machine Access Restrictions 503
- Generic LDAP 516
- User Database 517
- Multiple LDAP Instances 517
- Domain Filtering 518
- LDAP Failover 520
- LDAP Configuration Options 521
- Novell NDS Database 533
- User Contexts 535
- ODBC Database 539
- External User Database 542
- Relational Database 543
- Type Definitions 545
- Procedure 546
- PAP Procedure Output 549
- EAP-TLS Procedure Output 552
- Result Codes 553
- Token Server User Databases 562
- RADIUS-Enabled Token Servers 563
- RSA SecurID Token Servers 568
- Network Admission Control 573
- NAC AAA Components 574
- Posture Validation 575
- Posture Tokens 576
- NAC Databases 582
- Policy Selection Options 585
- Configuring a NAC Database 586
- NAC Policies 588
- Local Policies 589
- About Local Policies 590
- NAC Attribute Data Types 591
- Rule Operators 592
- Rule Configuration Options 596
- Creating a Local Policy 597
- External Policies 600
- Creating an External Policy 604
- Editing a Policy 606
- Deleting a Policy 608
- Step 5 Click Delete Policy 609
- Step 6 Click Submit 609
- Unknown User Policy 611
- \username. The 617
- Added Authentication Latency 619
- :username 620
- Unknown User Policy Options 623
- Database Search Order 624
- User Group Mapping and 629
- Specification 629
- • Windows domains 632
- • Novell NDS 632
- • Generic LDAP 632
- Group Mapping Order 633
- NAC Group Mapping 641
- Troubleshooting 645
- Administration Issues 646
- Browser Issues 648
- Cisco IOS Issues 649
- Database Issues 651
- Dial-in Connection Issues 654
- Debug Issues 658
- Proxy Issues 659
- MaxSessions Issues 660
- Report Issues 661
- Third-Party Server Issues 663
- User Authentication Issues 664
- • If you have RADIUS/TACACS 665
- Note Some attributes are not 666
- TACACS+ Attribute-Value Pairs 667
- TACACS+ AV Pairs 668
- Cisco IOS AV Pair Dictionary 669
- TACACS+ Accounting AV Pairs 670
- Dictionary of RADIUS VSA 686
- • Cisco IOS 700
- • Cisco VPN 3000 700
- • Ascend 700
- Note The MS-CHAP-MPPE-Keys 702
- Table C-9 Nortel RADIUS VSAs 715
- CSUtil Database Utility 717
- CSUtil.exe Syntax 718
- CSUtil.exe Options 719
- CSUtil.exe -x 721
- Step 2 Type: 722
- CSUtil.exe -r config filename 724
- Step 3 Type: 726
- Dump File 727
- ONLINE or OFFLINE Statement 733
- ADD Statements 734
- UPDATE Statements 735
- DELETE Statements 737
- ADD_NAS Statements 737
- DEL_NAS Statements 739
- Import File Example 740
- Decoding Error Numbers 743
- Recalculating CRC Values 744
- Listing Custom RADIUS Vendors 748
- RADIUS Vendor/VSA Import File 750
- Vendor and VSA Set Definition 751
- Attribute Definition 752
- Enumeration Definition 754
- PAC File Generation 756
- PAC File Options and Examples 757
- Generating PAC Files 759
- Posture Validation Attributes 760
- CSUtil.exe -addavp filename 765
- CSUtil.exe -delavp vendor-ID 767
- VPDN Processing 781
- VPDN Process 782
- Figure E-10 786
- RDBMS Synchronization Import 787
- Definitions 787
- Action Codes 790
- PIX Shell (pixshell) 799
- NAS01,tty0,0898-69696969 801
- User Settings 805
- User-Specific Attributes 818
- User-Defined Attributes 820
- Group-Specific Attributes 821
- An Example of accountActions 822
- Internal Architecture 825
- Windows Registry 826
- CSDBSync 828
- Monitoring 829
- Recording 830
- Notification 831
- Response 831
- CSTacacs and CSRadius 832
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