Cisco AIR-WLC2006-K9 - Wireless LAN Controller 2006 Installationsanleitung

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Seitenansicht 0
Corporate Headquarters:
Copyright © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA
Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and
Deployment Considerations
Contents
Executive Summary 3
Target Audience 3
Introduction 3
Overview 4
Objectives 4
Reference Publications 5
Hardware/Software 6
Location Tracking Approaches 6
Cell of Origin 7
Distance-Based (Lateration) Techniques 8
Angle-Based (Angulation) Techniques 14
Location Patterning (Pattern Recognition) Techniques 15
Cisco Location-Based Services Architecture 18
RF Fingerprinting 18
Overall Solution Architecture 20
Role of the Location Appliance 23
Location Tracking without a Location Appliance 24
Solution Performance 24
The Meaning of Accuracy and Precision 24
Accuracy and Precision of the Cisco LBS Solution 25
Which Devices Can Be Tracked 25
WLAN Clients 25
802.11 Active RFID Tags (L2 Multicast) 31
Seitenansicht 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 117 118

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Seite 1 - Deployment Considerations

Corporate Headquarters:Copyright © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Systems, Inc., 170 West Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134-1706 U

Seite 2 - Contents

10Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesThe Global Positioning System (GPS) is a

Seite 3 - Executive Summary

100Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerationsopening each tag casing and attaching a seri

Seite 4 - Overview

101Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsThe AeroScout tag activator (shown in Figure

Seite 5 - Hardware/Software

102Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsPanGo Locator LAN Asset TagsPanGo version 1

Seite 6 - Location Tracking Approaches

103Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interfaceinfrastructure withou

Seite 7 - Cell of Origin

104Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interfacelocation and device s

Seite 8 - Time of Arrival

105Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interfaceprocess solutions to

Seite 9 - • t = time in microseconds

106Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 The SOAP/XML Application Programming Interface• PanGo Locator Confi

Seite 10 - OL-11612-01

107Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 CaveatsFigure 78 Cisco Location-Based Services Solution with PanGo

Seite 11

108Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 CaveatsCSCse14724—Degraded Location Accuracy with Monitor Mode APsD

Seite 12

109Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix A—Polling Traffic 2700 <-> 4400 WLAN ControllerAppen

Seite 13

11Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesFigure 4 Time Difference of Arrival (TDo

Seite 14 - Angle of Arrival (AoA)

110Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1Figure 80 Polling Traff

Seite 15 - • Calibration phase

111Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1Figure 81 AeroScout Tag

Seite 16 - Calibration Phase

112Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1• Transmit Power (dBm)—

Seite 17 - Operational Phase

113Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1This is because in v2.1

Seite 18 - RF Fingerprinting

114Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1Figure 85 Retrieving Ex

Seite 19 - Figure 7 MMSE Estimation

115Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix B—AeroScout Tag Manager Version 2.1To display the Advanced

Seite 20 - Overall Solution Architecture

116Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix C—Large Site Traffic AnalysisAppendix C—Large Site Traffic

Seite 21

117Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix D—PanGo Locator LAN Tag Association and SignalingAppendix

Seite 22

118Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Appendix D—PanGo Locator LAN Tag Association and Signaling

Seite 23

12Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesIn close, confined indoor areas, both To

Seite 24 - Solution Performance

13Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approaches• TxPWR represents the transmitter outpu

Seite 25 - Which Devices Can Be Tracked

14Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesPure RSS-based lateration techniques tha

Seite 26

15Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approaches“reverse beam-forming”, this technique i

Seite 27

16Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesCalibration PhaseDuring the calibration

Seite 28

17Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesOperational PhaseIn the operational phas

Seite 29

18Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architectureminimum of three reporting

Seite 30

19Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecturepre-packaged models enable

Seite 31

2Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 ContentsRogue Access Points 35Rogue Clients 39Installation and Config

Seite 32

20Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureCisco RF Fingerprinting of

Seite 33

21Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 8 Cisco Location-Ba

Seite 34

22Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 9 Information Flow

Seite 35 - Rogue Access Points

23Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architectureparticipating in location

Seite 36

24Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecture• SOAP/XML Location Applic

Seite 37

25Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureAccuracy and Precision of

Seite 38

26Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 10 Enabling CCX Loc

Seite 39 - Rogue Clients

27Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 11 WCS WLAN Client

Seite 40

28Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 12 WCS WLAN Client

Seite 41

29Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureNote that Figure 12 also i

Seite 42 - History Database Pruning

3Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Executive SummaryUsing Wi-Fi RFID Tags with the Cisco Location Applia

Seite 43 - Advanced Commands

30Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureA graphical representation

Seite 44

31Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 15 WCS WLAN Client

Seite 45 - RSSI Discard Times

32Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureNote Currently, each WLAN

Seite 46 - Refresh Time

33Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureComplete information on an

Seite 47

34Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 18 Asset Tag Detect

Seite 48

35Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 19 WCS RFID Locatio

Seite 49

36Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureThese are all indicated on

Seite 50

37Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureComplete information on an

Seite 51 - Deployment Best Practices

38Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services ArchitectureFigure 22 WCS Rogue Access

Seite 52 - Deployment Best Practices

39Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecturethe channels for which the

Seite 53

4Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 OverviewIt is not hard to understand why this is so. With integrated

Seite 54

40Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Cisco Location-Based Services Architecture• Small icons (shown above

Seite 55

41Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationInstallation and ConfigurationInstalli

Seite 56

42Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationHistory Archive PeriodThe history arch

Seite 57

43Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and Configurationmore frequently and in advance of a lo

Seite 58

44Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationNote The df –H command is used here be

Seite 59

45Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationConfiguring Location Server Location P

Seite 60

46Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationRSSI CutoffIn addition to enforcing th

Seite 61

47Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationLocation Appliance Dual Ethernet Opera

Seite 62

48Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationFigure 27 Default Location Application

Seite 63

49Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and ConfigurationFigure 29 Specifying Location Server A

Seite 64

5Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Overview• Reviewing the procedures required to install and configure

Seite 65

50Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Installation and Configurationproviding the local time of the NOC, o

Seite 66

51Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesShutting down audit subsystem[ OK ]Starti

Seite 67

52Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesWhen performing a site survey of an area wh

Seite 68

53Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesIn a similar fashion, the CLI command show

Seite 69 - Antenna Considerations

54Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 33 Displaying Detected RSSI via the

Seite 70 - Antenna Orientation

55Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 34 Location-Aware AP DeploymentAcces

Seite 71 - Site Calibration

56Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 35 Location-Aware AP Placement Illus

Seite 72

57Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 36 Planning Tool Output for Location

Seite 73 - Calibration Validity

58Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 37 Example of 100 Percent Location R

Seite 74 - Number of Samples

59Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 38 Definition of a “Location-Ready”

Seite 75

6Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesNote Other supported hardware or software

Seite 76 - Inspecting Location Quality

60Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesOnce again, keep in mind that location read

Seite 77

61Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesAdditional information regarding deployment

Seite 78

62Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesAs the weight assigned to the previous posi

Seite 79 - Location Tracking Challenges

63Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesWhen you understand the procedure used by t

Seite 80 - Antenna Installation Height

64Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 42 Facilitating Mobile Device Floor

Seite 81 - Traffic Considerations

65Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practiceswith a WCS governing it. The management cha

Seite 82

66Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesThe subsections that follow examine how WCS

Seite 83

67Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesIn this situation, one possible solution is

Seite 84

68Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 45 Multiple Management Domains with

Seite 85 - RFID Tag Considerations

69Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practiceshandles polling of controller WiSM-3 with r

Seite 86 - Passive RFID Tags

7Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approachesto hear arguments supporting the case tha

Seite 87 - Figure 57 Passive RFID Tags

70Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 47 Example of Unequal Azimuth Propag

Seite 88

71Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesNote that WCS allows only for the adjustmen

Seite 89 - Semi-Passive RFID Tags

72Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 49 Example of Suggested Calibration

Seite 90 - Active RFID Tags

73Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesDetailed procedures covering the steps invo

Seite 91 - Transponder Active RFID Tags

74Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesTips for Successful CalibrationsNumber of S

Seite 92 - 802.11 Active RFID Tags

75Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesCalibrating Under Representative Conditions

Seite 93 - Compatible RFID Tags

76Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesWhen verifying whether RSSI cutoff threshol

Seite 94

77Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 52 Location Quality Inspection Resul

Seite 95

78Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 53 Location Inspection at 5 m Accura

Seite 96

79Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesLocation Tracking ChallengesOutdoor Environ

Seite 97 - 330 630 660 Seconds

8Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking ApproachesFigure 2 Highest Signal Strength Techniqu

Seite 98 - Configuring Asset Tags

80Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practicesconcern. Although the overall path loss mod

Seite 99 - AeroScout Asset Tags (Type 2)

81Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practices• Minimize the amount of exposure to those

Seite 100 - RFID Tag Considerations

82Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best PracticesFigure 54 Enabling Location Server Polling

Seite 101

83Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practicesnumber of received responses associated wit

Seite 102 - PanGo Locator LAN Asset Tags

84Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Deployment Best Practicesconsidered normal for the test environment

Seite 103

85Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsAppendix C—Large Site Traffic Analysis, page

Seite 104

86Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 55 Active and Passive RFID ComparisonW

Seite 105 - Figure 77 PanGo Locator

87Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 56 Passive RFID InterrogatorsPassive R

Seite 106

88Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 58 Passive Tag Load Modulation•Backsca

Seite 107

89Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsThe passive RFID tag is available commerciall

Seite 108 - Locations

9Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 Location Tracking Approaches• c = propagation speed of ~ 300 meters /

Seite 109

90Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 61 Semi-Passive RFID TagsSeveral varie

Seite 110

91Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsActive tags can contain 512 KB of RAM (or mor

Seite 111

92Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 63 Transponder Active RFID TagThese RF

Seite 112

93Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerationsequipped with powered-on 802.11 Wi-Fi client

Seite 113

94Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerationsreaders themselves is possible because of the

Seite 114

95Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag Considerations• Access points not on the same channel as th

Seite 115

96Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsEnable Asset Tag RF Data TimeoutThe RFID Data

Seite 116

97Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 68 Polling IntervalDepending on asset

Seite 117 - Signaling

98Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 70). When this is successfully perform

Seite 118

99Wi-Fi Location-Based Services—Design and Deployment ConsiderationsOL-11612-01 RFID Tag ConsiderationsFigure 71 Tested 802.11 Wi-Fi Active RFID Tag

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