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CHAPTER 2
VLAN Implementation
Chapter 2
VLAN Implementation
VLANs are used to break large campus networks into smaller pieces. The benefit of this is to minimize the amount of
broadcast traffic on a logical segment.
VLAN Overview
A virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical LAN, or a logical subnet. It defines a broadcast domain. A physical subnet is a group
of devices that shares the same physical wire. A logical subnet is a group of switch ports assigned to the same VLAN,
regardless of their physical location in a switched network. VLAN membership can be assigned either statically by port,
or dynamically by MAC address or username.
Two types of VLANs are:
n End-to-end VLAN: VLAN members reside on different switches throughout the network. They are used when hosts
are assigned to VLANs for policy reasons, rather than physical location. This provides users a consistent policy and
access to resources regardless of their location. It also makes troubleshooting more complex because so many
switches can carry traffic for a specific VLAN, and broadcasts can traverse many switches. Figure 2-1 shows end-to-
end VLANs.
n Local VLAN: Hosts are assigned to VLANs based on their location, such as a floor in a building.
This design is more scalable and easier to troubleshoot because the traffic flow is more deterministic. It enables
more redundancy and minimizes failure domains. It does require a routing function to share resources between
VLANs. Figure 2-2 shows an example of local VLANs.
[ 12 ]
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CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Quick Reference by Denise Donohue
- CCNP SWITCH 642-813 1
- Quick Reference 1
- About the Author 2
- About the Technical Editor 2
- Icons Used 3
- Chapter 1 4
- The Core Layer 5
- Small Campus Design 6
- Medium Campus Design 6
- Data Center Design 7
- Network Traffic Flow 8
- FIGURE 1-3 10
- Chapter 2 12
- FIGURE 2-1 13
- FIGURE 2-2 13
- VLAN Planning 14
- Verifying VLAN Configuration 15
- VLAN Trunking 17
- Configuring a Trunk Link 18
- VLANs Allowed on the Trunk 19
- VLAN Trunking Protocol 20
- VTP Switch Roles 21
- Configuring VTP 22
- Verifying and Monitoring VTP 23
- EtherChannels 24
- Configuring an EtherChannel 25
- Verifying an EtherChannel 26
- Troubleshooting VLAN Issues 27
- Troubleshooting VTP 28
- Chapter 3 29
- FIGURE 3-1 30
- The STP Election 32
- Root Port Election 33
- Designated Port Election 33
- Bridge Protocol Data Units 34
- Spanning Tree Port States 36
- Per-VLAN Spanning-Tree 36
- Configuring Spanning Tree 37
- Rapid Spanning Tree 38
- RSTP Port Roles 39
- BPDU Differences in RSTP 39
- RSTP Fast Convergence 39
- Multiple Spanning Tree 40
- (config-mst)# revision number 41
- (config-mst)# end 41
- # show spanning-tree mst 41
- UplinkFast 42
- BackboneFast 42
- BPDU Guard 43
- BPDU Filtering 43
- Root Guard 44
- Unidirectional Link Detection 44
- Loop Guard 45
- Troubleshooting STP 46
- Identifying a Bridging Loop 47
- Spanning-Tree Best Practices 47
- FIGURE 3-3 48
- Chapter 4 49
- MLS Interfaces 53
- CEF Switching 55
- FIGURE 4-1 56
- # show cef drop 58
- # show adjacency 58
- Chapter 5 59
- Technology 60
- Processes 61
- Network Level Resiliency 63
- Fast Failover 63
- Optimizing Redundancy 64
- Designing for Redundancy 65
- FIGURE 5-2 66
- FIGURE 5-3 67
- FIGURE 5-4 67
- Chapter 6 72
- HSRP States 73
- Configuring HSRP 74
- Chapter 7 79
- MAC Address-Based Attacks 80
- Port-Based Authentication 82
- VLAN-Based Attacks 83
- 802.1Q Double-Tagging 84
- Private VLANs 86
- Protected Ports 87
- Spoof Attacks 88
- Securing Your Switch 89
- Chapter 8 91
- VoIP in a Campus Network 92
- FIGURE 8-1 93
- Voice VLANs 94
- QoS for VoIP 95
- QoS Actions 96
- DSCP Values 97
- Trust Boundaries 98
- Manual Configuration 99
- Using AutoQoS 100
- Video over IP 101
- Chapter 9 102
- WLAN Topologies 104
- Client Connectivity 105
- Autonomous (Stand-alone) APs 106
- Lightweight Access Points 107
- Wireless LAN Controllers 109
- Switch Configuration 110
- CCNP SWITCH Quick Reference 112
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