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CHAPTER 3
Spanning Tree
To enable Loop Guard on a specific interface, use the following:
(config-if)# spanning-tree guard loop
Loop Guard automatically reenables the port if it starts receiving BPDUs again.
Troubleshooting STP
Some common things to look for when troubleshooting Spanning Tree Protocol include:
n Duplex mismatch: When one side of a link is half-duplex and the other is full-duplex. This causes late collisions
and FCS errors.
n Unidirectional link failure: The link is up but data flows only in one direction. It can cause loops.
n Frame corruption: Physical errors on the line cause BPDUs to be lost, and the port incorrectly begins forwarding.
This is caused by duplex mismatch, bad cable, or cable too long.
n Resource errors: STP is implemented in software, so a switch with an overloaded CPU or memory might neglect
some STP duties.
n Port Fast configuration errors: Connecting a switch to two ports that have Port Fast enabled. This can cause a
loop.
n STP tuning errors: Max age or forward delay set too short can cause a loop. A network diameter that is set too low
causes BPDUs to be discarded and affects STP convergence.
[ 46 ]
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright. Please see page 112 for more details.
CCNP SWITCH 642-813 Quick Reference by Denise Donohue
9781587140112.qxd 11/23/09 11:35 AM Page 46
www.CareerCert.info
- CCNP SWITCH 642-813 1
- Quick Reference 1
- About the Author 2
- About the Technical Editor 2
- Icons Used 3
- Chapter 1 4
- The Core Layer 5
- Small Campus Design 6
- Medium Campus Design 6
- Data Center Design 7
- Network Traffic Flow 8
- FIGURE 1-3 10
- Chapter 2 12
- FIGURE 2-1 13
- FIGURE 2-2 13
- VLAN Planning 14
- Verifying VLAN Configuration 15
- VLAN Trunking 17
- Configuring a Trunk Link 18
- VLANs Allowed on the Trunk 19
- VLAN Trunking Protocol 20
- VTP Switch Roles 21
- Configuring VTP 22
- Verifying and Monitoring VTP 23
- EtherChannels 24
- Configuring an EtherChannel 25
- Verifying an EtherChannel 26
- Troubleshooting VLAN Issues 27
- Troubleshooting VTP 28
- Chapter 3 29
- FIGURE 3-1 30
- The STP Election 32
- Root Port Election 33
- Designated Port Election 33
- Bridge Protocol Data Units 34
- Spanning Tree Port States 36
- Per-VLAN Spanning-Tree 36
- Configuring Spanning Tree 37
- Rapid Spanning Tree 38
- RSTP Port Roles 39
- BPDU Differences in RSTP 39
- RSTP Fast Convergence 39
- Multiple Spanning Tree 40
- (config-mst)# revision number 41
- (config-mst)# end 41
- # show spanning-tree mst 41
- UplinkFast 42
- BackboneFast 42
- BPDU Guard 43
- BPDU Filtering 43
- Root Guard 44
- Unidirectional Link Detection 44
- Loop Guard 45
- Troubleshooting STP 46
- Identifying a Bridging Loop 47
- Spanning-Tree Best Practices 47
- FIGURE 3-3 48
- Chapter 4 49
- MLS Interfaces 53
- CEF Switching 55
- FIGURE 4-1 56
- # show cef drop 58
- # show adjacency 58
- Chapter 5 59
- Technology 60
- Processes 61
- Network Level Resiliency 63
- Fast Failover 63
- Optimizing Redundancy 64
- Designing for Redundancy 65
- FIGURE 5-2 66
- FIGURE 5-3 67
- FIGURE 5-4 67
- Chapter 6 72
- HSRP States 73
- Configuring HSRP 74
- Chapter 7 79
- MAC Address-Based Attacks 80
- Port-Based Authentication 82
- VLAN-Based Attacks 83
- 802.1Q Double-Tagging 84
- Private VLANs 86
- Protected Ports 87
- Spoof Attacks 88
- Securing Your Switch 89
- Chapter 8 91
- VoIP in a Campus Network 92
- FIGURE 8-1 93
- Voice VLANs 94
- QoS for VoIP 95
- QoS Actions 96
- DSCP Values 97
- Trust Boundaries 98
- Manual Configuration 99
- Using AutoQoS 100
- Video over IP 101
- Chapter 9 102
- WLAN Topologies 104
- Client Connectivity 105
- Autonomous (Stand-alone) APs 106
- Lightweight Access Points 107
- Wireless LAN Controllers 109
- Switch Configuration 110
- CCNP SWITCH Quick Reference 112
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